Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Our Family

BRADLEY'S STORY & DIAGNOSIS

WELCOME HOME PAGE

"For I know the plans I have for you," declares the Lord, "plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you a hope and a future." Jeremiah 29:11

Finding A Diagnosis
 
Bradley was born in March of 1997.  He seemed to be a healthy baby boy.  Little did we suspect he would be diagnosed 3 1/2 years later with a life threatening genetic disorder, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy(DMD).
 
In August of 2000, when Bradley was 3 years old, we began searching for answers.  We had noticed Bradley was clumsy, fell often, and could not run as fast as others his age.  He would run with a slow, waddled gait.
 
We first took Bradley to our family doctor who reassured us that Bradley would outgrow this clumsiness and nothing was out of the ordinary.  I was going to a chiropractor and also had him evaluate Bradley.  He told me that his back was out of alignment and spinal adjustments would fix the problem. 
 
After much thought over the chiropractor's comments and being uncomfortable about chiropractic treatment, we decided to take him to a pediatrician. Like the family doctor, she could not see anything significantly wrong with Bradley.  She asked that I wait 6 months and if I still had concerns she would refer him to Physical Therapy. By this time, I was feeling like the overcautious mother.  I was ready to give up because even a pediatrician could not see a problem.
 
My husband decided to call a doctor associated with his work.  He asked him to evaluate Bradley and help us figure out what was wrong.  When we went to see this doctor, he was in agreement that something was different about the way he ran and made a physical therapy referral.
 
At the first PT visit, the physical therapist told us that Bradley had muscle weakness. The thought of muscular dystrophy had not entered my mind but later that day I was telling the chiropractor about the visit.  He told me that he had noticed Bradley's large calves, a sign of muscular dystrophy but he had not thought about it until I mentioned muscle weakness.  Initially I dismissed the idea of my son having something hereditary that we had no family history of.
 
But over the same weekend, I began researching and found some information online about DMD.  I had read all the red flags and knew in my heart this was Bradley's dreaded diagnosis.  I wanted more than anything to be wrong but as suspected a diagnosis of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy would be confirmed within the next 4 months.
 
When I went back and spoke to the PT, she told me that she had suspected the same thing but did not know how to tell me.  She did not tell me that day but she had previously worked with a boy who was diagnosed with DMD while she was providing PT for him.  Bradley was exhibiting those same symptoms and she was already suspecting muscular dystrophy before I brought it up.
 
That day I went and had lunch with my husband, Tom.  I told him about my conversation with the PT and he decided to call the referring doctor right away that day.  The doctor doubted Bradley would have anything this rare but he said he would make a referral to St. Louis Children's Hospital.  We had to wait a month and a half for the appointment.  To know in your heart that your son probably does have muscular dystrophy and to anticipate that appointment for a month and half was very difficult.  I spent hours of research on the disorder.  No one believed he could possibly have this disease but after all my research I was almost certain.  I wanted to be proven wrong in this case.
 
On November 14th, 2000 our lives changed forever.  Bradley was thoroughly examined by a neurologist in St. Louis.  On our way out of the hospital, we had his blood drawn for a CPK level.  During our drive home my husband talked about other kids we saw in the Neuromuscular clinic and did not believe Bradley could have a neuromuscular disorder.  We had not even been home an hour before the phone rang that evening. 
 
The neurologist had called to let us know that Bradley's CPK was 14,000. ( Normal would be 0-350 for his age and activity level).  He told us that Bradley probably did in fact have DMD but we would need to have more tests done to confirm the diagnosis.  I was in tears while on the phone with the doctor. I asked if the tonsillectomy Bradley had had earlier that month could cause his CPK to be high but he told me if it were not DMD, it would have had to take a severe crush injury to cause a CPK that high.
 
We had to have a gene test done after that to see if a gene flaw could be found.  The test available at the time only detected a gene flaw in 67% of boys with DMD.  A negative result would not get us out of the woods; we would have to followup with a muscle biopsy. 
 
We had no idea that we would have to wait a month for the gene test result.  The wait was agonizing.  It was even more agonizing when the test result was negative.  We naturally got our hopes up even though the neurologist could not give us any hope.  He was still 99% sure of the diagnosis.  In my heart, I knew he was right but still hung on to whatever hope I could.
 
Bradley had a muscle biopsy on January 19th, 2001.  On January 29th, 2001, the neurologist called with the final results confirming the diagnosis of DMD. 
 
A few years later, a new gene test became available.  Bradley was tested through the Utah Dystrophinopathy Project and it was discovered, he has a duplication of exon 2 on the dystrophin gene.  Through the Utah Dystrophinopathy Project, Bradley will be followed for 10 years to see how his disease progresses according to his particular gene flaw.

 
What is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?
 
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is the most severe and most common form of MD.  It affects one in 3500 male births. It is an X-linked recessive gene disorder caused by a flaw in the dystrophen gene on the X chromosome.  Two thirds of all Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy cases are hereditary, carried from mother to son.  But one third of cases are caused from new spontaneous gene mutations.
 
If a mother is a carrier, each of her sons will have a 50% chance of receiving the flawed gene and each of her daughters will have a 50% chance of receiving the flawed gene and becoming a carrier of the disorder.  Because girls have two X chromosomes if they receive the flawed dystrophen gene they will have another dystrophen gene on the other X to fall back on.  Boys have and XY chromosome so they only have one dystrophen gene.  Without another X chromosome for back up, he will have the disorder. 
 
In rare cases, a girl's other X chromosome may be inactivated causing her to actually have Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.  In most cases, though, she is either a carrier or manifesting carrier of DMD. 
 
 
 
The dystrophen gene was discovered in 1986. It is the largest known gene in the human body.  It codes for a protein called dystrophen which provides strength and holds the muscle cells together.  It accounts for 1% of a human's genetic make up.  It has 79 exons.  Because it is so large, it is more prone to error.
 
Symptoms of DMD:
  • progressive muscle weakness
  • enlarged calves
  • waddling gait
  • difficulty climbing stairs and walking uphill
  • frequent falls
  • gower maneuver (child gets off of floor using all fours and pushes his hand on his knee to rise). 

Symtoms are not noticable until the child is 2-3 years old and without a known family history boys are not diagnosed until 3-5 years of age. 

 
Usually, between the ages of 8-12, the child loses the ability to walk and needs a wheelchair.  During the next few years, the upper extremities weaken.  Often for this reason, it is best that a power chair be used because the child should not wheel himself in the wheel chair.  The arms will wear down too fast.  Writing is very difficult too and eventually it can become impossible.  Cardiac and respiratory muscles also weaken making them susceptible to pneumonia, heart failure and other problems related to the respiratory and cardiac systems.
 
There are varying degrees of severity.  Some boys stop walking at 8, others not until 12 years.  In rare cases, some of them are still walking short distances after 12 years.  The average life expectancy is in the twenties but still today, I hear of boys dying during their teens.  Some live to see their 30's or 40's. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Dealing With Bradley's Diagnosis
 
Once the final diagnois came, we were devastated.  We wanted to know, "Why?" The wait had been the hardest part of all.  At least after confirming the diagnosis, we were able to move on, accept things and learn all we can about this disorder.
 
One thing that helped us was to realize that God had chosen us to be his parents.  God knew we would be strong and depend on him for support and guidance.  There have been so many times that he has gotten us through the storm.  He will always be there for us no matter what.  We pray everyday that he will help the researchers find a cure for DMD but whatever his will, we will trust him to the end.   We know and accept God is in control and he will use Bradley's diagnosis and his life for great things.